Топики на тему технический прогресс. Scientific and technical progress материал по английскому языку (10 класс) на тему. Фрагмент из рабочей тетради

Scientific and technical progress

The basis of scientific and technical progress of today is new informational technology which is very different from all the previous technologies. Thanks to up-to-date software and robots new informational technologies can make many processes much faster and transmit information more quickly. It is important today because the quantity of information grows rapidly.
New informational society has its peculiarities. Firstly, more and more employees work in the sphere of service and information. Secondly, more and more huge databases appear to collect and store the information. And finally, information and IT become goods and start playing important part in the country"s economy.
These processes affect social structures and values.
It becomes important to learn to get new knowledge quickly and sometimes to change your qualification. IT can first lead to unemployment, but later create even more workplaces especially for highly qualified professionals. While the hardest work can be performed by robots and routine calculations by computers, in the future people with the most creative mind and numerous fresh ideas will get better career chances.
On one hand technology development gives more access to professional and cultural information and leads to new forms of individual enterprises, but on the other hand there is a danger of total control of private life unless special laws are enforced by the government.
Another danger is «intellectual terrorism» when computer viruses block important programs.
There are other directions of technical and scientific progress of today.
One of them is the development of new ecologically clean sources of energy using sun, gravitation, winds or rain. New kind of transports and new agricultural methods that do not harm our nature are being developed today.
Breakthroughs in science have led to creation of artificial viruses for new medicines and products, body organs for transplantation and productive soils for growing vegetables and crops. Many new materials and technologies are being used in our everyday life.
All these innovations may have influence on our life, social relations and globally on our Earth.
The influence can be very different: from psychological and health problems of children who spend too much time online to an opportunity to prevent genetic diseases for future generations.
But the most difficult problems the humanity faces are global problems.
The first and foremost is ecological problem: pollution of air, water and soil, exhaustion of natural resources. Renewable natural resources such as oxygen, forests, flora and fauna do not have enough time to regenerate. This leads to different changes in climate and nature such as depletion of ozone layer and other things that has not been properly studied by scientists yet.
Other crucial problems include wars, epidemics, and demographic problems.
The only way to solve them is to work globally and in cooperation with other countries. And here the humanity should find a way to use new technologies for the common good. The solution of these problems cannot be postponed because otherwise people will have fewer chances to survive on this planet.

Научно-технический прогресс

Сегодня в основе научного и технического прогресса лежат новые информационные технологии(ИТ), которые значительно отличаются от всех предыдущих технологий. Благодаря новейшему программному обеспечению и роботам, новые ИТ могут ускорить многие процессы и быстрее передавать информацию. Сегодня это важно, потому что количество информации быстро растет.
Новое информационное общество имеет свои особенности. Во-первых, больше и больше сотрудников работают в сфере обслуживания и информации. Во-вторых, появляется все больше огромных хранилищ баз данных, для сбора и хранения информации. И наконец, информация и ИТ становятся товарами и начинают играть важную роль в экономике страны.
Эти процессы влияют на социальные структуры и ценности.
Становится важно получать быстро новые знания и иногда менять свою квалификацию. ИТ вначале могут привести к безработице, но затем создают даже большее число рабочих мест для высококвалифицированных специалистов. В то время как самая тяжелая работа может выполняться роботами, а стандартные вычисления компьютерами, в будущем люди с самым творческим сознанием и большим количеством свежих идей будут иметь лучшие карьерные возможности.
С одной стороны, развитие технологий дает больше доступа к профессиональной и культурной информации и приводит к созданию новых форм индивидуальных предприятий, но с другой стороны, есть опасность тотального контроля над частной жизнью, если специальные законы не будут приняты правительством.
Другая опасность - это «интеллектуальный терроризм», когда компьютерные вирусы блокируют важные программы.
Есть и другие направления развития научно-технического прогресса сегодня.
Одно из них это развитие новых экологически чистых источников энергии, используя солнце, гравитацию, ветер или дождь. Сегодня развиваются новые виды транспорта и новые сельскохозяйственные методы, которые не вредят природе.
Научные открытия привели к созданию искусственных вирусов для новых лекарств и продуктов, органов для трансплантации и производительных почв для выращивания овощей и злаков. Множество новых материалов и технологий используются в нашей повседневной жизни.
Все эти новшества могут иметь влияние на нашу жизнь, социальные взаимоотношения и в мировом масштабе на нашу Землю.
Влияние может быть различным: от психологических проблем и проблем со здоровьем у детей, которые проводят слишком много времени в интернете до возможности предотвращать генетические заболевания у будущих поколений.
Но самые сложные проблемы, с которыми сталкивается человечество - это глобальные проблемы.
Первая и главная это экологическая проблема: загрязнение воздуха, воды и почвы, истощение природных ресурсов. У возобновляемых природных ресурсов, таких как кислород, леса, флора и фауна не хватает вре¬мени на восстановление. Это приводит к различным изменениям в климате и в природе, таким как истощение озонового слоя и другим явлениям, которые еще не достаточно изучены учеными.
Другие ключевые проблемы это войны, эпидемии и демографические проблемы. Единственный способ решить их - работать глобально и в сотрудничестве с другими странами. И здесь человечество должно найти способ использовать новые технологии для общего блага. Решение этих проблем нельзя откладывать, иначе у людей останется меньше шансов выжить на этой планете.



Vocabulary:

access - доступ
affect - влиять
breakthrough - открытие, достижение, научный прорыв
calculation - вычисление
common good - общее благо
crops - зерновые культуры
crucial - важнейший, ключевой
database -базаданных
development - развитие
to develop - развивать
to enforce - зд. приводить в силу (закон)
to face - сталкиваться
genetic - генетический
global - глобальный, всемирный
to harm - вредить, наносить вред
highly qualified - высококвалифицированный
humanity - человечество
to lead - вести к чему-то
otherwise - иначе, в противном случае
peculiarities - особенности
postpone - откладывать, переносить (во времени)
properly - как следует, должным образом
quantity - количество
rapidly - быстро
to regenerate - восстанавливаться, возрождаться
renewable natural resources - возобновляемые природные ресурсы
routine - обычный, стандартный
software - программное обеспечение
to solve a problem - решать проблему
solution - решение
source - источник
survive - выживать
transmit - передавать, переслать
unemployment - безработица
up-to-date - новейший, современный
values - ценности

Answer the questions
1. Why is IT progress different from other progresses?
2. What are the peculiarities of information society?
3. What is the role of information in this society?
4. According to the text who will have better career chances in the near future and why?
5. What are the possible dangers of wide access to information?
6. What ecologically clean sources of energy do you know?
7. How can scientific innovations influence our everyday life?
8. What are the key problems that humanity faces today?
9. How can these problems be solved?
10. What ecological problems are mentioned in the text?
11. What are the benefits of the scientific and technical progress?
12. What are the drawbacks of the scientific and technical progress?
13. Find in the text synonyms to the words «new», «fast», «important» and «to send». Can you think of other synonyms to these words?
14. Translate the underlined words and use them in your own sentences.

    4. Аудирование - 12 min.

    Repeat the words after me

    To be scared - пугаться

    To replace- замещать

    Liberate - освобождать, сдвигать

    Spot - точка

    Artificial - искусственный

    Прочтение слов

    Now we are ready to start

    Видео с ресурса Интернет:

    Просмотр ролика

    Студенты отвечают

    You are going to watch the video once again with the text. While watching do task number 2, the 2nd exercise.

    Просмотр, выполнение задания

    Let’s check your work…

    Студенты зачитывают ответы

    5. Обучение письму - 16 min.

    Прочтение текста

    I’m sure that

    Примерныеответы:

    -they are very convenient

    -they can be used for study

    Teacher:

    7. Домашнее задание - 4min.

    Don’t forget to:

    *Use “opinion” expressions

    -they are very convenient

    -they can be used for study

    -prices of models and providers are decreasing

    Thank you for the lesson.

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«Методическая разработка урока "Научно-технический прогресс" »

Методическая разработка урока

Паспорт урока

Преподаватель: Глазырина А.В., ГБОУ СПО РМЭ «ЙОТСТ»

Тема: « Technical progress (научно-технический прогресс)»

Дисциплина: английский язык

3-й урок по теме (заключительный)

Тип: комбинированный урок (урок-обобщение пройденного материала)

Цель: Совершенствование навыков аудирования и умений письменной речи в рамках изучаемой темы «Technical progress (научно-технический прогресс)»

Задачи:

Образовательные :

1) систематизировать лексический материал по теме;

2) совершенствовать навыки аудирования с общим охватом содержания; и с извлечением конкретной информации;

3) совершенствовать умения письменной речи (эссе-выражение собственного мнения);

Воспитательные :

1) содействовать развитию интереса к изучению иностранного языка;

2) содействовать повышению уровня мотивации на уроках через средства обучения;

Развивающие:

1) развивать умение выражать свое мнение и приводить аргументы;

2) развивать аналитические способности (сопоставлять, сравнивать, обобщать);

3) создавать условия для развития внимания, памяти, воображения, фонематического слуха;

4) содействовать формированию самостоятельной познавательной деятельности;

5) развивать слухо-произносительные навыки.

Методы: объяснительно- иллюстративный, частично- поисковый;

Формы обучения: фронтальная, индивидуальная, в парах;

Средства обучения:

Дидактические: фрагмент рабочей тетради к уроку, презентация, видеоролик

Технические: проектор, экран, компьютер, подключение к Интернет

Междисциплинарные связи: Информатика, тема «Введение»

Использованные источники:

    ExamSuccess. Подготовка к ЕГЭ по английскому языку. W.Rimmer, О.Виноградова, Л.Кожевникова. CambridgeUniversityPress, 2014

    Голицынский Ю.Б. Пособие по разговорной речи. - СПб.: КАРО, 2007

    сайтwww.youtube.com. « Are machines really taking our jobs?» (Действительно ли машины забирают нашу работу?)

    сайт http://festival.1september.ru/Открытый урок по английскому языку в 10 классе по теме «Научно-технический прогресс»

План урока

Этапы урока

Хронометраж (мин.)

1.Организационный этап

приветствие

сообщение темы и целей урока

2. Речевая разминка, активизация пройденного материала

3. Аудирование аутентичного текста

4. Обучение письму

5. Подведение итогов урока

6. Домашнее задание

Конспект урока

1. Организационный этап - 1 min .

Teacher: Good morning everybody! Glad to see you! Sit down please.

2. Сообщение темы и цели урока - 2 min .

Teacher: So, students, today we are going to talk much about computers and technic. The topic of our discussion is“Technical progress” Please, read the statement on the screen and try to guess what the main aim of our lesson is:

“Computers aren’t intelligent, they only think they are”

(Студенты высказывают свои идеи)

3. Речевая разминка. Актуализация лексики по теме.-6 min .

Let’s begin with a game! Fill in the mind map. You may use your workbook, task 1.

Работа ведется фронтально, назвавший свой вариант последним – победитель.

Примерные ответы студентов:

    searching for information

    typing and keeping information

    listening to music

  • printing documents

  • chatting with friends and relatives

    using social networks…

If you are ready, name one of your statements.

4. Аудирование - 12 min.

Now let’s consider one more point of view on the idea “Computers aren’t intelligent, they only think they are”. Watch the video and try to guess Are Machines Really Taking Our Jobs?

Before watching, please, translate the words in task 2 exercise 1.

Repeat the words after me

To be scared - пугаться

To replace- замещать

Liberate - освобождать, сдвигать

Spot - точка

Artificial - искусственный

Прочтение слов

Now we are ready to start

Видео с ресурса Интернет:

Просмотр ролика

So, Are Machines Really Taking Our Jobs?

Студенты отвечают

You are going to watch the video once again with the text. While watching do task number 2, the 2 nd exercise.

Видео из Интернета с субтитрами

Просмотр, выполнение задания

Let’s check your work…

Студенты зачитывают ответы

5. Обучение письму – 16 min.

We are close to the progress too. Read the article about smartphones and answer the questions that follow it.

Прочтение текста

If the article did not have the title, would it be clear from the text that the author really hates smartphones? Why?

Do these paragraphs sound more like somebody’ opinion or like an argument against smartphones?

Imagine that this is not a magazine article, but an opinion essay with the question

“Smartphones are becoming very popular with young people. Is a smartphone the gadget every teenager should have? What is your opinion?” Do you think these paragraphs would get a good mark? What is missed in them?

How can you make this text sound like an opinion essay? Rewrite part A or B so that it sounds like your opinion. You may do it in pairs. The first change has been done for you.

First of all, I don’t think that teenagers really need a smartphone…

You can use the following expressions in your essay to express your attitude towards the topic:

In my opinion/view I think/believe that

I don’t think It seems to me that

I’m sure that

So, we are listening to your variants

Now tell me please if smartphones have positive sides? What are they?

Примерныеответы:

-they are very convenient

-they can be used for study

-prices of models and providers are decreasing

6. Подведение итогов урока - 4min.

Teacher: Well, I’d like to say that we have worked hard and you’ve been very active. I see that the problems we’ve discussed today are very interesting for you. I’d like you to express your attitude towards the exercises we’ve done and strategies we’ve discussed. What was difficult for you? What was new? Was it useful? Are you sure that you can express your opinion whether modern technologies are friends or foes?Thank you. Your marks are…

7. Домашнее задание - 4min.

At home write an answer agreeing with the question “Smartphones are becoming very popular with young people. Is a smartphone the gadget every teenager should have? What is your opinion?”

Don’t forget to:

*Start with the topic sentence

*Use “opinion” expressions

* the model text, for its structure and use of linking phrases

*the notes, if you don’t have your own ideas

-they are very convenient

-they can be used for study

-prices of models and providers are decreasing

Thank you for the lesson.

Приложение

Фрагмент из рабочей тетради

по дисциплине «Иностранный язык (английский)»

Инструкция по работе с тетрадью:

1. Внимательно слушать объяснения преподавателя;

2. Выполнять задания в специально предоставленное на занятии время;

3. Чётко следовать инструкции по выполнению каждого задания;

4. Записи в тетради выполнять ручкой или карандашом по согласованию с преподавателем.

Студенту разрешается делать записи карандашом на полях тетради, если возникли трудности при выполнении заданий для самостоятельной работы, чтобы в дальнейшем получить консультацию преподавателя.

Technical progress

LESSON 3

Цель занятия :

Обобщение и систематизация знаний по теме занятия

Computers aren’t intelligent, they only think they are.

Aim: to practice general ideas on a typical topic

Make your own notes about the topic below


Computers are used for


Aim: to understand the general idea and specific information while watching a video

Exercise 1: You are going to use the Internet resource http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEzuWWmn9xI . Study the words below, watch the video and try to guess Are Machines Really Taking Our Jobs?

To be scared- to be afraid

To replace- to change

Luddites- British industrial workers

Liberate- rescue, move

Artificial- not natural

Exercise 2: Watch the video once again and point out the correct answers


    What questions is Derek Thompson used to answer?

    questions about money and business;

    questions concerned with science and technology;

    questions on economics;

    The reason of the luddites’ protests was…

    the invention of a computer;

    new spinning machines;

    the problems with fees;

    What was the most popular occupation among the Americans of 1900?

    Military service;

    When did people begin to worry about loss of employment because of machines?

    since machines started to take over farm jobs;

    since machines began doing factory work;

    when people started using machines in “white-collar” professions;

    What are robots good at according to people’s comfort?

    at repetitive tasks;

    at the network industry;

    at managing robots;

    Why are our lives better according to the speaker?

    because we have invented WiFi and iPad;

    because human replacing technology came before us;

    because robots replaced our jobs.

Aim: to practice adding linking points and ideas

Read the article about smartphones and answer the questions that follow it.

Why I hate smartphones


1. If the article did not have the title, would it be clear from the text that the author really hates smartphones? Why?

2. Do these paragraphs sound more like somebody’ opinion or like an argument against smartphones?

3. Imagine that this is not a magazine article, but an opinion essay with the question

Do you think these paragraphs would get a good mark? What is missed in them?

4. How can you make this text sound like an opinion essay? Rewrite part A or B so that it sounds like your opinion. Use the functional phrases.

Functional phrases

In my opinion/view I think/believe that

I don’t think It seems to me that

I’m sure that


Example: First of all, I don’t think that teenagers really need a smartphone…

5. Home task: Write an answer agreeing with the question “Smartphones are becoming very popular with young people. Is a smartphone the gadget every teenager should have? What is your opinion?”

They are very convenient

They can be used for study

Prices of models and providers are decreasing

Don’t forget to:

*Start with the topic sentence

*Use “opinion” expressions (functional phrases)

Get help from:

* the model text, for its structure and use of linking phrases

*the notes, if you don’t have your own ideas

    4. Аудирование - 12 min.

    Repeat the words after me

    To be scared - пугаться

    To replace- замещать

    Liberate - освобождать, сдвигать

    Spot - точка

    Artificial - искусственный

    Прочтение слов

    Now we are ready to start

    Видео с ресурса Интернет:

    Просмотр ролика

    Студенты отвечают

    You are going to watch the video once again with the text. While watching do task number 2, the 2nd exercise.

    Просмотр, выполнение задания

    Let’s check your work…

    Студенты зачитывают ответы

    5. Обучение письму - 16 min.

    Прочтение текста

    I’m sure that

    Примерныеответы:

    -they are very convenient

    -they can be used for study

    Teacher:

    7. Домашнее задание - 4min.

    Don’t forget to:

    *Use “opinion” expressions

    -they are very convenient

    -they can be used for study

    -prices of models and providers are decreasing

    Thank you for the lesson.

Просмотр содержимого документа
«Методическая разработка урока "Научно-технический прогресс" »

Методическая разработка урока

Паспорт урока

Преподаватель: Глазырина А.В., ГБОУ СПО РМЭ «ЙОТСТ»

Тема: « Technical progress (научно-технический прогресс)»

Дисциплина: английский язык

3-й урок по теме (заключительный)

Тип: комбинированный урок (урок-обобщение пройденного материала)

Цель: Совершенствование навыков аудирования и умений письменной речи в рамках изучаемой темы «Technical progress (научно-технический прогресс)»

Задачи:

Образовательные :

1) систематизировать лексический материал по теме;

2) совершенствовать навыки аудирования с общим охватом содержания; и с извлечением конкретной информации;

3) совершенствовать умения письменной речи (эссе-выражение собственного мнения);

Воспитательные :

1) содействовать развитию интереса к изучению иностранного языка;

2) содействовать повышению уровня мотивации на уроках через средства обучения;

Развивающие:

1) развивать умение выражать свое мнение и приводить аргументы;

2) развивать аналитические способности (сопоставлять, сравнивать, обобщать);

3) создавать условия для развития внимания, памяти, воображения, фонематического слуха;

4) содействовать формированию самостоятельной познавательной деятельности;

5) развивать слухо-произносительные навыки.

Методы: объяснительно- иллюстративный, частично- поисковый;

Формы обучения: фронтальная, индивидуальная, в парах;

Средства обучения:

Дидактические: фрагмент рабочей тетради к уроку, презентация, видеоролик

Технические: проектор, экран, компьютер, подключение к Интернет

Междисциплинарные связи: Информатика, тема «Введение»

Использованные источники:

    ExamSuccess. Подготовка к ЕГЭ по английскому языку. W.Rimmer, О.Виноградова, Л.Кожевникова. CambridgeUniversityPress, 2014

    Голицынский Ю.Б. Пособие по разговорной речи. - СПб.: КАРО, 2007

    сайтwww.youtube.com. « Are machines really taking our jobs?» (Действительно ли машины забирают нашу работу?)

    сайт http://festival.1september.ru/Открытый урок по английскому языку в 10 классе по теме «Научно-технический прогресс»

План урока

Этапы урока

Хронометраж (мин.)

1.Организационный этап

приветствие

сообщение темы и целей урока

2. Речевая разминка, активизация пройденного материала

3. Аудирование аутентичного текста

4. Обучение письму

5. Подведение итогов урока

6. Домашнее задание

Конспект урока

1. Организационный этап - 1 min .

Teacher: Good morning everybody! Glad to see you! Sit down please.

2. Сообщение темы и цели урока - 2 min .

Teacher: So, students, today we are going to talk much about computers and technic. The topic of our discussion is“Technical progress” Please, read the statement on the screen and try to guess what the main aim of our lesson is:

“Computers aren’t intelligent, they only think they are”

(Студенты высказывают свои идеи)

3. Речевая разминка. Актуализация лексики по теме.-6 min .

Let’s begin with a game! Fill in the mind map. You may use your workbook, task 1.

Работа ведется фронтально, назвавший свой вариант последним – победитель.

Примерные ответы студентов:

    searching for information

    typing and keeping information

    listening to music

  • printing documents

  • chatting with friends and relatives

    using social networks…

If you are ready, name one of your statements.

4. Аудирование - 12 min.

Now let’s consider one more point of view on the idea “Computers aren’t intelligent, they only think they are”. Watch the video and try to guess Are Machines Really Taking Our Jobs?

Before watching, please, translate the words in task 2 exercise 1.

Repeat the words after me

To be scared - пугаться

To replace- замещать

Liberate - освобождать, сдвигать

Spot - точка

Artificial - искусственный

Прочтение слов

Now we are ready to start

Видео с ресурса Интернет:

Просмотр ролика

So, Are Machines Really Taking Our Jobs?

Студенты отвечают

You are going to watch the video once again with the text. While watching do task number 2, the 2 nd exercise.

Видео из Интернета с субтитрами

Просмотр, выполнение задания

Let’s check your work…

Студенты зачитывают ответы

5. Обучение письму – 16 min.

We are close to the progress too. Read the article about smartphones and answer the questions that follow it.

Прочтение текста

If the article did not have the title, would it be clear from the text that the author really hates smartphones? Why?

Do these paragraphs sound more like somebody’ opinion or like an argument against smartphones?

Imagine that this is not a magazine article, but an opinion essay with the question

“Smartphones are becoming very popular with young people. Is a smartphone the gadget every teenager should have? What is your opinion?” Do you think these paragraphs would get a good mark? What is missed in them?

How can you make this text sound like an opinion essay? Rewrite part A or B so that it sounds like your opinion. You may do it in pairs. The first change has been done for you.

First of all, I don’t think that teenagers really need a smartphone…

You can use the following expressions in your essay to express your attitude towards the topic:

In my opinion/view I think/believe that

I don’t think It seems to me that

I’m sure that

So, we are listening to your variants

Now tell me please if smartphones have positive sides? What are they?

Примерныеответы:

-they are very convenient

-they can be used for study

-prices of models and providers are decreasing

6. Подведение итогов урока - 4min.

Teacher: Well, I’d like to say that we have worked hard and you’ve been very active. I see that the problems we’ve discussed today are very interesting for you. I’d like you to express your attitude towards the exercises we’ve done and strategies we’ve discussed. What was difficult for you? What was new? Was it useful? Are you sure that you can express your opinion whether modern technologies are friends or foes?Thank you. Your marks are…

7. Домашнее задание - 4min.

At home write an answer agreeing with the question “Smartphones are becoming very popular with young people. Is a smartphone the gadget every teenager should have? What is your opinion?”

Don’t forget to:

*Start with the topic sentence

*Use “opinion” expressions

* the model text, for its structure and use of linking phrases

*the notes, if you don’t have your own ideas

-they are very convenient

-they can be used for study

-prices of models and providers are decreasing

Thank you for the lesson.

Приложение

Фрагмент из рабочей тетради

по дисциплине «Иностранный язык (английский)»

Инструкция по работе с тетрадью:

1. Внимательно слушать объяснения преподавателя;

2. Выполнять задания в специально предоставленное на занятии время;

3. Чётко следовать инструкции по выполнению каждого задания;

4. Записи в тетради выполнять ручкой или карандашом по согласованию с преподавателем.

Студенту разрешается делать записи карандашом на полях тетради, если возникли трудности при выполнении заданий для самостоятельной работы, чтобы в дальнейшем получить консультацию преподавателя.

Technical progress

LESSON 3

Цель занятия :

Обобщение и систематизация знаний по теме занятия

Computers aren’t intelligent, they only think they are.

Aim: to practice general ideas on a typical topic

Make your own notes about the topic below


Computers are used for


Aim: to understand the general idea and specific information while watching a video

Exercise 1: You are going to use the Internet resource http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEzuWWmn9xI . Study the words below, watch the video and try to guess Are Machines Really Taking Our Jobs?

To be scared- to be afraid

To replace- to change

Luddites- British industrial workers

Liberate- rescue, move

Artificial- not natural

Exercise 2: Watch the video once again and point out the correct answers


    What questions is Derek Thompson used to answer?

    questions about money and business;

    questions concerned with science and technology;

    questions on economics;

    The reason of the luddites’ protests was…

    the invention of a computer;

    new spinning machines;

    the problems with fees;

    What was the most popular occupation among the Americans of 1900?

    Military service;

    When did people begin to worry about loss of employment because of machines?

    since machines started to take over farm jobs;

    since machines began doing factory work;

    when people started using machines in “white-collar” professions;

    What are robots good at according to people’s comfort?

    at repetitive tasks;

    at the network industry;

    at managing robots;

    Why are our lives better according to the speaker?

    because we have invented WiFi and iPad;

    because human replacing technology came before us;

    because robots replaced our jobs.

Aim: to practice adding linking points and ideas

Read the article about smartphones and answer the questions that follow it.

Why I hate smartphones


1. If the article did not have the title, would it be clear from the text that the author really hates smartphones? Why?

2. Do these paragraphs sound more like somebody’ opinion or like an argument against smartphones?

3. Imagine that this is not a magazine article, but an opinion essay with the question

Do you think these paragraphs would get a good mark? What is missed in them?

4. How can you make this text sound like an opinion essay? Rewrite part A or B so that it sounds like your opinion. Use the functional phrases.

Functional phrases

In my opinion/view I think/believe that

I don’t think It seems to me that

I’m sure that


Example: First of all, I don’t think that teenagers really need a smartphone…

5. Home task: Write an answer agreeing with the question “Smartphones are becoming very popular with young people. Is a smartphone the gadget every teenager should have? What is your opinion?”

They are very convenient

They can be used for study

Prices of models and providers are decreasing

Don’t forget to:

*Start with the topic sentence

*Use “opinion” expressions (functional phrases)

Get help from:

* the model text, for its structure and use of linking phrases

*the notes, if you don’t have your own ideas

In the course of his historic development man gradually learned to use the forces of nature and created our civilization. He managed to change the earth beyond recognition: inhabited vast expanses of wilderness, constructed roads, plants and irrigated deserts. Man is also the creator of the innumerable spiritual treasures of mankind: the wonderful works of art, literature and science. All this became possible thanks to man’s labour, his ability to learn, to understand and explain different phenomena of the material word.
In this progressive advance of man a particularly significant role belongs to energy.
First man learned to use to use the energy of fire. Many thousand years passed before man learned to use the energy of wind, water and stream, and later - electricity. For producing electricity man discovered and began to use different energy resources: coal, oil, gas, shale, hydropower and nuclear energy.
Not so long ago man invented and put into service the steam engine and steam locomotives. Then he attached the steam engine to looms and to various wheels and so work began to speed up.
The steam engine worked a revolution in the mode of production. The discovery and use electricity brought about the industrial revolution. A multitude of machines - mechanical, steam and electrical -began to do man’s difficult and complex work. But mans brain still controlled the machines doing the work. He started them, guided them and stopped them. He judged their work and corrected errors. His eyes, ears and sense of touch did the observing, and his brain interpreted their information. Then people invented machines and electronic computers which freed the worker not only of the performance of all production operations but even of control.
The machine made a great contribution to the spread of information and the advance of learning. The machine system made it possible to include science in production on a large scale. But it was a long and a hard way. It took the steam engine more than a century to develop its tremendous capacity to the full. The industrial revolution, brought about by the discovery and use of electricity, took some 50-60 years to run its course.
The second half of the 20th century began an entirely new era - the era of the scientific and technological revolution. It is due to complex mechanization and full automation.
The discovery of the chain reaction of nuclear fission and the reaction of thermonuclear fusion promises mankind a practically unlimited source of energy. Now scientists began to study and use outer space for Man’s benefit.
All this is possible thanks to a wide introduction of scientific discoveries in production.
We live in the epoch when science becomes direct productive force of society. All-round automation determines the social consequences of the scientific-technological progress. Automation will take over man’s manual work and electronic computers will relieve him of much of his mental work, leaving him time for creativity. It obliterates the distinctions between physical and mental labour.

The achievements of science and technology can be easily seen in the material level of modern life.It"s difficult to overestimate their role in contemporary world. They accelerate the development of civilization and help us in our co-operation with nature. Scientists investigate the laws of the universe, discover the secrets of nature and apply their knowledge in practice improving the life of people.

Nowadays modern industry is fulfilled with the help of robots which have replaced man in some hard or dangerous labour. Robots provide people with all necessities-they have vision systems and work at very high speeds. And today they are used for skilled work like welding, spray painting and assembling components. Although robots have some disadvantages their main benefit is the quality of work. They never get bored with their tasks.

Let"s compare our life nowadays with the life of people at the beginning of the 20 th century. It has changed beyond recognition. Our ancestors hadn"t the slightest idea of the trivial things created by the scientific progress that we use in our every day life. These are of course the modern conveniences and appliances. We can’t imagine our life today without telephone, television, fax, cars, planes, computers, space rockets etc. They would seem miracle to them. They make our life easy, comfortable and pleasant.

A century is a long period for scientific and technological progress, as it"s rather rapid. Millions of investigations, the endless number of outstanding discoveries have been made. Our century has had several names that were connected with a certain era in science and technology. At first it was called the atomic age due to the discovery of the splitting of the atom. Then it became the age of the conquest of space when for the first time in the history of mankind a man overcame the gravity and entered the Universe. The achievements of space exploration have surpassed the wildest expectations of men. Scientists could hardly foresee satellites and long-term stations and international crews working in space for months and astronauts walking in outer space. It’s a real wonder, isn’t it?

And now we live in the information era when the computer network embraces the globe. Computers have become the basis of modern communication systems. They are essential tools in almost every field of research and applied technology. The advance of medicine enables people to perform the most complicated operations with the help of modern equipment and to keep people alive with the help of implanted parts. In the 20th century many infectious diseases have been conquered through vaccines, antibiotics, and improved living conditions.

All these things prove the power and the greatest progressive role of science in our life.

But every medal has its reverse. Rapid scientific progress has aroused a number of problems. Scientists have invented many things but not all of them are peaceful. There are such inventions as nuclear weapons, atom bombs, nuclear power stations etc. Scientists should be responsible for their discoveries otherwise our planet may disappear one day.

The ecology is also harmed by the development of civilization. Many species are dying out. Forests are destroyed by acid rains and cut out for farming. Natural resources are being exhausted.

But still we are grateful to the outstanding men of the past and the present who have courage and patience to disclose the secrets of the Universe.

To overestimate - переоценить

To accelerate - ускорять

Investigate - исследовать

Universe – вселенная

To apply – зд. применять

To be fulfilled– исполняться, осуществляться

To replace – замещать, заменять

Necessity – необходимость, нужда

Welding - сварка

To assemble - собирать

Benefit – выгода, польза

To get bored - надоедать

Beyond recognition – до неузнаваемости Ancestor - предок

Trivial – незначительный, простой

Appliance – приспособление, прибор

Miracle - чудо

Discovery - открытие

Splitting - расщепление

Conquest – завоевание

To overcome - преодолеть

Gravity – гравитация, притяжение

To surpass - превосходить

Wild – зд. фантастический

Outer space – открытый космос

Essential – неотъемлемый, существенный

Tool – (рабочий) инструмент

Research – научное исследование

Advance – успех, продвижение

Reverse – оборотная сторона

To exhaust – истощать, опустошать
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